
Levels of neutralising antibodies fell by more than half (52.5 per cent) after six months in 94 patients whose immune response was tested at the peak of the infection.
In a Lancet commentary on the Chinese study, foreign scientists said it is rather surprising to find that some COVID-19 patients with good kidney health experienced lower than standard kidney function measured by the rate at which their kidneys are cleaning their blood, a key indicator of renal health.
Nearly two-thirds of those followed still experienced fatigue or muscle weakness half a year after their acute illness, while 26% had sleep difficulties and 23% had anxiety or depression, according to the peer-reviewed study of 1,733 patients in The Lancet medical journal.
Science Alert reported that according to National Center for Respiratory Medicine's Bin Cao, also the study's senior author, since COVID-19 is such a new illness, "we are just beginning to understand some of its long-term impacts on the health of patients".
She took to Instagram on Saturday to urge anyone who has tested positive for the virus not to ignore symptoms of long COVID months after their diagnosis. Of the 822 patients who had normal kidney function when they entered the hospital, the study reveals 107 (13%) suffered from reduced organ function during their follow-up six months later.
As for dealing with anxiety or depression, which was reported among 23 percent of patients in the study, Huang suggested psychological therapy including counseling, as these mental issues may be the result of the neurological effects of the disease as well as societal misunderstanding and stigmatization.
The participants underwent a series of questionnaires, physical examinations, a six-minute walking test and blood tests by trained healthcare professionals to gather the data.
Those patients who had been severely ill with COVID were also more likely to have impaired lung function and abnormalities detected in chest imaging six months later.
"The decline of neutralizing antibodies observed in the present study and other studies raises concern for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection", the researchers wrote, adding that "the risk of re-infection should be monitored for patients who present with compatible symptoms of Covid-19".
However, due to the way the data was analysed, the researchers said it was not possible to determine if symptoms reported during follow-up were persistent following the infection, worsened after recovery, or occurred post-discharge. It is one of the few studies to trace long-term symptoms of infection of COVID-19. "Our work also underscores the importance of conducting longer follow-up studies in larger populations in order to understand the full spectrum of effects that COVID-19 can have on people".
The patients who were studied had a median age of 57.
The study revealed that patients with more severe illness commonly had reduced lung function, with 56 per cent (48/86) of those at severity scale 5-6 (who required ventilation) experiencing diffusion impairment - reduced flow of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream.
A total of 1 733 of discharged Covid-19 patients from Jin Yin-tan Hospital between 7 January and 29 May 2020 were enrolled in the study.
Salynn Boyles, Contributing Writer, BreakingMED™.
Researcher Chaolin Huang and colleagues reported no relevant conflicts related to this research.
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